Function of Liver

Detoxifies/removes

•Drugs

•Alcohol

Stores

•Gycolgen

•Vitamins (A, D, E, K)

•Fe and other minerals

•Cholesterol

Activates vitamin D

Fetal RBC production

Phagocytosis

Metabolizes absorbed food molecules

•Carbohydrates

•Proteins

•Lipids

Nutrition

What happen when you eat to much oranges?

Difference Between Rodents and Human

Nutrient Requirement for Plant

Plant required macronutrient and micro nutrient in order to complete photosynthesis.

Macro Nutrients include the following
a) carbon
b) hydrogen
c) oxygen
d)nitrogen
e) phosphorus
f) potassium
g) magnesium
h)calcium
i) sulphur

Micro nutrient (trace element) include
a) boron
b) molybdenum
c)  zinc
d) manganesse
e) copper
f) iron

Macro and micro nutrient are required by plant in order to synthesis substances essential for healthy growth.

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are obtain from carbon dioxide and water.  The rest of nutrient are absorbed from the soil

Micronutrient are required to activate certain enzyme involved in cellular metabolism such as respiration.

Heterotrophic Nutrition

Heterotrophic Nutrition

Heterotrophic nutrition is the nutrition of organisms which need ready made complex organic molecules, they obtain these wither directly from plants, or from organisms which have fed on plants. Thus heterotrophic organisms are the consumers in an ecosystem.


Organism that carry out heterotrophic nutrition are called heterotrophs
 
 
 
 
Holozoic Nutrition

Involves feeding by ingesting complex organic matter which are then digested and absorbed


Example of organisms with holozoic nutrition are animals and insectivorous plants

Sapropytism

Feed on the dead remains of other organisms(dead organic material).

Secrete enzymes onto the food, then soluble products are absorbed

Involves feeding by absorbing their required nutrients from dead organic matter.

Extracellular digestion.

Responsible for decay.

The decomposers in an ecosystem.

Fungi such as Rhizopus are saprobionts. Bacteria and fungi like musrooms, yeast and Mucor (bread mould)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
Parasites

Obtain food from another living organism, the host


There is a close association between the host and the parasite

The host suffers some degree of harm.

Taenia, the pork tapeworm, is a parasite, the adult is an endoparasite of human beings, thus we are the primary host, it is found attached to the wall of the small intestine of an infected individual, where it absorbs the soluble products of digestion.

Adaptations

Large surface area for absorption

No alimentary canal

Thick outer covering (tergument)

Suckers and hooks for attachment to gut wall, to resist peristalsis

Large numbers of offspring produced

Reduced nervous system

Chemosynthesis

Chemosynthesis is a process certain organisms use to produce energy, akin to photosynthesis, but without the utilization of sunlight.


The energy comes from the oxidization (burning) of chemicals which seep up from the Earth's crust.

The organisms that use chemosynthesis,

all bacteria, manufacture carbohydrates and other organic molecules from the oxidization of sulfates or ammonia. The hydrogen they use comes from hydrogen sulfite, whereas the nitrogen comes from ammonia or nitrates.

The organisms that use chemosynthesis are found around hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor.

They are adapted to circumstances which would have been commonplace billion of years ago, leading some to call them descendants of the earliest life on Earth.

Autotrophic Nutrition

Autotrophic nutrition involves the use of an external energy source to make the complex organic molecules that we call food from inorganic substances


The organism that carry out autotrophic nutrition are called autotrophs.

Plants use light energy from the sun as their external energy source, this type of autotrophic nutrition is photosynthesis.

During photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water are used to manufacture carbohydrates.

Light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and used to fix carbon dioxide, firstly to reduce it to carbohydrates.

Plant manufacture all the other organic molecules that they need from these carbohydrates and very small quantities of mineral ions obtained from the soil.

Type of Nutrition

There are two types nutrition


Autotrophic nutrition

• Synthesise the organic food from inorganic substances
• Types
• Chemosynthesis
• Photsynthesis

Heterotrophic nutrition

• Organism depend on autotrophs or other organisms as a source of energy as they cannot synthesise their own food
• Holozoic
• Saprophytism
• Parasitism